Inflammation of the epiglottis and superior larynx
Aetiology
Was most commonly caused by Haemophilus Influenzae Type B but incidence has decreased due to routine vaccinations
Causative organisms include Streptococcus spp. (most common), Staph. aureus and Pseudomonas spp
Clinical presentation
Sore throat
Odynophagia (painful swallowing)
Inability to swallow secretions - drooling in children
Muffled voice
Fever
Investigations
Laryngoscopy is the gold standard - should only be performed in areas such as operating theatres which are prepared for intubation or tracheostomy in the event of upper airway obstruction
Lateral neck X-ray may be useful if laryngoscopy is not possible
Soft-tissue radiograph of the neck may show the 'thumbprint sign'
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