Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder

Aetiology

UTI

• Infection of the urinary tract leading to inflammation

Parasites

• Schistomoiasis haematobium swims up the urethra

• Usually central areas of Africa, very common

• Body isn't very good at getting rid of the eggs → persistent inflammation → squamous metaplasma → eventually squamous cell carcinomas

In-dwelling catheters

• Can result in persistent inflammation

• Persistence of injury → scarring, metaplasia and SCC

• Hugely problematic if paraplegic for example - lack of sensory feedback of irritation

Aseptic

• Persistent symptoms of dysuria

• Persistently negative cultures and urinalysis

• Aetiology unclear, may be hypersensitivity reaction

• Variable pathology - some inflammation, congestion, mast cells

Cystitis cystica

• Descriptive term, doesn't identify any cause

• Infolding of bladder mucosa into cysts