Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate in the joints and soft tissues leads to inflammation
Aetiology
- Most common in the elderly
- Chondrocalcinosis increases with age
- Chondrocalcinosis: calcium pyrophosphate deposition occurs in cartilage and other soft tissues in the absence of acute inflammation
- Both pseudogout and chondrocalcinosis come under the umbrella of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition disease (CPPD)
- Related to osteoarthritis - calcium deposition can occur in some cases of OA
- Affects fibrocartilage - knees, wrists, ankles
Other risk factors
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
Clinical presentation
- Monoarthritis - swollen, painful, warm joint
- Knee most commonly affected
Investigations
Aspiration of synovial fluid
- Polarised microscopy - calcium pyrophosphate crystals are envelope shaped, mild positively birefringent
Bloods
- Marked rise in inflammatory markers
Management
- Treat acute episodes appropriately - NSAIDs, colchicine, steroids, rehydration
- No prophylactic management